Ndai manghkang hpe nang hkrum sha yu sai kun: n-gun ja ai- manu dan ai insulation arung arai ni nga ai raitim, nta gaw katsi majan aten hta "leaky" zawn hkam sha nga ai, n-gun rawng ai shara ni gaw mau hpa hku nna jut ni hta dan dawng wa ai, katsi ai manu mung grai law ai kun? Shing nrai, katsi ai hka lum aten hta, nbung laru shazim ai jak gaw bungli galaw nga ai, raitim, nta kata na nbung katsi ai lam gaw, kaja dik ai katsi ai shara de du na matu naw yak nga ai kun?
Mahtai gaw rai yang, na a nta gaw n mu lu ai sat nat ai wa-it a majaw zingri zingrat hkrum na zawn rai nga ai.
Hpa majaw nga yang, n-gun ja ai-}}}}}} ni hpe sawk sagawn ai lam hta kungkyang ai company langai hku nna, thermal bridge ni gaw, dai ni na aten na n-gun atsam hpe jai lang ai lam hte ngang grin ai lam hta, n-gun rawng ai lam langai mi naw rai nga ai hpe anhte atsawm sha chye ga ai. Daini, thermal bridge ni a makoi magap da ai lam hpe hpaw shadan dan nna, ndai lam hpe hparan na matu npawt nhpang hparan ladat ni hpe sawk sagawn yu ga.
1. Katsi ai hka lawng ngu ai gaw hpa rai ta? Nta langai a insulation kaw na hka htung langai zawn re.
Ndai hpe myit yu u: katsi ai katsi ai aten hta, nang gaw n kaja ai zip (sh) n-gun n rawng ai zip hte down jacket hpe bu hpun da ai. Piercing katsi ai nbung gaw ndai gap hku nna hprawng hkawm nna, kalang ta nang hpe hkrit kajawng shangun na re. Ndai gap ‘katsi ai hka lawng’ re.
Architectural physics hta, thermal bridge ngu ai gaw, kaga shara ni hta grau n-gun n law ai nta envelope hta n-gun kya ai matut mahkai lam hpe tsun mayu ai. Ndai n-gun kya ai shara ni gaw ‘bridges’ zawn galaw ai, kata hte shinggan lapran na katsi ai hpe htawt sit na matu ‘fast track’ hpe shabyin ya ai.
Katsi ai hka lawng ni hpe madung hku nna 3 hku garan nna:
Category 1: Hka katsi ai hka lawng
Ndai gaw, nta kata na arung arai amyu myu a thermal conductivity n bung ai majaw byin pru wa ai, grau nna lang ai hte ahkyak ai amyu rai nga ai.
Hpa majaw nga yang: N-gun ja ai concrete hte lung seng concrete zawn re ai madung npawt nhpang hta, n-gup magap hta bang da ai n-gup magap ni, concrete n-gang ni, npu hte kaga arung arai ni a thermal conductivity gaw bunghku kata hta bang da ai insulation arung arai ni hta grau law ai.
Image ga shadawn: Dai gaw magri mang bar nkau mi hpe cotton coat langai mi hta chywi ai zawn rai nna, dai bar ni hta katsi ai gaw lawan ai hku hprawng mat wa ai.
kasi ningli :
Shinggan bunghku ni hpe n-gun ja ai concrete nhtoi ni/column ni hte shang wa ai: Ndai gaw, npawt nhpang hkrang langai hte shinggan bunghku kata na bunghku a npawt nhpang ni a lapran na matut mahkai lam hta grau nna dan dawng ai kasi ningli rai nga ai.
Shinggan bunghku hte npu/ kata bunghku lapran na matut mahkai lam:
Concrete npu, balcony slabs, hte canopies ni hpe lai di ai: Ndai arung arai ni gaw shinggan de hkrak sha hkrum nna, n-gun n rawng ai rai yang, katsi ai hka lawng kaba langai byin wa chye ai.
Nta kata na n-gup magap ni: n-gang structure, embedded daw ni hte matut mahkai ai daw ni zawn re ai ni.
Lahkawng ngu na: structural cold bridge
Ndai zawn re ai katsi ai hka lawng gaw, nta gawgap ai lam galai shai ai majaw byin pru wa ai rai nna, dai gaw buga na nbung katsi ai n-gun jat wa ai lam de du wa ai.
Hpa majaw nga yang: nta npawt, hkuwawt hka htung ni hte kaga daw ni hta, nbung laru hpe htawt sit ai shara gaw, nbung laru hpe yeng seng kau ai shara hta grau kaba ai majaw, ndai jut ni hta katsi ai lam byin wa nna, shinggan de htawt sit ai lam hpe n-gun dat dat ai.
Image ga shadawn: Hka htung cube zawn, shi a jut ni gaw nbungli hta grau lawan ai hku galoi mung htum mat ai, hpa majaw nga yang, shanhte hpe aten langai hta sha, lam amyu myu hku nna dan dawng nga ai.
kasi ningli :
Shinggan bunghku angle: Nta langai a pru wa ai shara ni ( yang angle) ni (yin angle) ni.
Parapet bunghku, npawt nhpang ntsa e:
Chyinghka hte hkuwawt hpaw ai lam ni a grup yin hta: Ndai shara hta arung arai shai hkat ai lam ni nga tim, geometry hta kalang ta galai shai ai lam gaw, katsi ai hka lawng ni byin pru wa ai hta ahkyak ai lam langai rai nga ai.
Masum ngu na: bai kahtap nna katsi ai hka lawng
Ndai zawn re ai cold bridge gaw, insulation layer aten kadun laman hte lang hte lang jahkring kau ai majaw byin pru wa ai re.
Hpa majaw nga yang: shinggan bunghku a insulation layer (sh) mawn sumli ai panel hpe gram lajang na matu lang ai anchor ni (bolt hte brackets zawn re ai ni) gaw, insulation layer de shang nna, n-gun rawng ai n-gun hpe n-gun dat ai lam hpe galaw ya na re.
Image ga shadawn: Hpun n-gang langai mi hta cotton coat hpe n-gang law law lang nna, n-gup langai hpra gaw katsi ai shara kaji langai mi rai nga ai.
kasi ningli :
Shinggan bunghku hpe n-gun jaw ai ladat a matu anchor bolt ni hpe gram lajang da ai:
Metal frame hte curtain bunghku a matut mahkai ai lam ni:
Hka n-gun rawng ai lung seng/aluminum plate a matu madi shadaw ai frame:
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Katsi ai hka lawng a hkra machyi ai lam gaw lam amyu myu nga ai, dai gaw nta a hkam kaja lam hte na a sut masa lam ni hpe atsin sha jahten kau ya ai:
N-gun n-gun hte manu kaba ai: Cold bridges ni gaw n-gun lang ai lam a 'leakage' rai nga ai. Katsi majan aten hta, katsi ai aten hta lawan ai hku sum mat nna, hka lum ai aten hta, shinggan na katsi ai lam ni gaw, katsi ai hte katsi ai arung arai ni law law jat wa ai hte, n-gun atsam manu ni rawt jat wa ai. Statistics hku yu yang, katsi ai hka lawng ni a majaw byin pru wa ai n-gun sum ai lam gaw, nta langai a n-gun yawng hta na 20% jan hpe hkam la lu ai.
Condensation hte mold rawt jat lam gaw hkamja lam hpe grai hkra machyi shangun ai: Ndai gaw dan dawng dik ai hkrit tsang hpa rai nga ai. Katsi ai nta kata na nbung gaw thermal hka lawng langai a katsi ai shara hpe hkrum ai shaloi, nbung katsi ai gaw hka lim ai shara a lawu de hkrat wa ai majaw, hka n-gun gaw hka htung ni de hka lim mat ai. Aten galu hkra machyi ai gaw, n-gup magap a matu kaja dik ai hkai lu hkai sha ai shara hpe shabyin ya ai, dai gaw kata na nsam ni hpe hkra machyi shangun ai sha n-ga, nsa sa lam hte seng ai ana zinli ni hpe mung shabyin ya ai majaw, mung shawa ni a hkamja lam hpe grai hkrit tsang shangun ai.
Building hkra machyi ai lam hte asak sum ai lam: Matut manoi hka lim ai lam gaw bunghku kata de shang wa nna, bunghku hpe n-gun n-gun shayawm ai lam hpe grau nna hkra machyi shangun ai, n-gang n-gun n-gun yawm ai, arung arai ni hpe makawp maga ai lam a n-gun yawm ai lam, etc. zawn re ai npawt nhpang shimlam manghkang ni hpe pyi byin shangun chye ai, dai gaw nta a magam bungli prat hpe grai shayawm ya lu ai.
3.Htunghking hparan ladat ni gaw hpa majaw n hkum tsup ai kun?
Htunghking n-gun n-gun n-rawng ai ladat ni, polystyrene board (EPS/XPS) hte shinggan de n-gun n-rawng ai n-gup magap ni hpe lang ai zawn re ai ni gaw, bunghku a thermal a bungli hpe loi mi grau kaja hkra galaw ya lu ai. Raitim, yak hkak ai n-gun, n tara ai hkrang masa ni, shing nrai, grau hkrak ai hte ngang grin ai lam ni hpe ra sharawng ai shara ni hpe hparan ai shaloi, ndai arung arai ni gaw "n hkru n kaja ai" hte "fragile" hpe sakse madun dan chye ai:
N-gun n rawng ai hku htu nna n-gun ja ai hku hkan sa na: Beam, column, jut hte kaga n tara ai daw ni hta, ngang kang ai insulation board hpe hkrak hkrak garan nna, n-gun rawng hkra galaw na matu yak ai, gap nnan ni hte katsi ai hka lawng nnan ni hpe tawn da na matu loi ai.
Compressibility deformation, performance attenuation: galu ai- aten na stress (sh) vibration makau grup yin hta, arung arai nkau mi gaw n-gun n rawng ai lam hpe shinggrup kau nna, insulation layer n-gun hpe shayawm kau ya nna, katsi ai hka lawng nnan byin wa ai.
N kaja ai nbung laru hpe ninghkap lu ai atsam hte n htap htuk ai asak hkrung lam: arung arai nkau mi a anti{0}}}}} n-gun jaw ai lam hte wan hkru ai lam gaw n hkum tsup ai, shanhte gaw nta a madung npawt nhpang zawn asak hkrung lam hpe n lu la ai.
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Ndai hpaga lam a katsi ai hka lawng ni a hkra machyi ai lam hpe hparan na matu, anhte gaw hparan ladat langai hpe tang madun da ga ai: tsaw ai{0}}}} hkum hkrang silicone foam insulation arung arai. Ndai gaw htunghking arung arai ni hpe galai shai na matu sha n-ga, yaw shada ai hpaji masa hpe gram lajang ai lam re.
Hpa majaw silicone foam gaw katsi ai hka lawng hpe dang kau lu na matu kaja ai ladat rai kun?
Grai tsawm htap ai galai shai ai lam hte dazik: nhpu zawn, shi ra sharawng ai hku shinggrup nna, n-gun n rawng ai hkrang hte node ni hte hkrak hkrak rai nna, "seamless filling" hpe lu la nna, katsi ai bridge lam hpe tsep kawp pat shingdang lu ai. Dai gaw bunghku kata hku pipe rai tim, curtain wall connectors (sh) n tara ai structural interface ni rai tim, dai hpe loi loi hte hkam sharang lu ai.
Stable long- aten hta galaw ai lam: N-gun ja ai compressive creep hpe ninghkap lu ai atsam, galu kaba ai- aten na n-gun atsam npu hta pyi, npawt nhpang n-gun hte hkrang hpe n-gun jaw lu ai, galu kaba ai- aten galu ai n-gun rawng ai n-gun hpe hkam la lu na matu, arung arai ni hpe n-gun n-rawng ai majaw byin pru wa ai katsi ai hka lawng nnan hpe yeng seng kau lu na re.
200℃kaw nna 200℃du hkra grai sawng ai makau grup yin hta elasticity hte bungli galaw lu ai atsam hpe n-gun jaw lu ai, n-gun rawng ai arung arai ni gaw, A class wan n-gun madang de du wa nna, nta a shimlam madang hpe npawt nhpang hku nna gram lajang ya lu ai.
Hydrophobic hte moisture- hpe n-gun jaw ai, langai mi{1}} aten hte prat tup nga ai: shi a pat da ai pore structure gaw, hka n-gun hpe grai kaja hkra pat shingdang lu ai, hka n-gun n-gun hpe hkrak hkra pat shingdang lu ai, n-gun dat shapraw ai lam hpe n-gun n-gun hte n-gun dat shapraw ai lam hpe n-gun n-gun hte n-gun n-gun hpe n-gun dat nna, nta gawgap ai hkrang hpe makawp maga ya lu ai.